What's your Temperament by Akubo Ojonugwu Julius, +2348069230929, pauljulius90@gmail.com

Probably you have met some people whose behaviours got you wondering why on earth a person could behave the way they did right? Yet you have also met some people who you wish to see again and again why? 
So many reasons may be responsible, but a set out of the so many reasons attached to these complexities in personality are either your temperamental type issues or the second party's temperamental type's issue. Cumulatively we will say the set its actually a singular reason; temperament. Therefore your ability to recognise your temperament will help you understand the peculiarities attached to your personality.
What is Temperament?
The free dictionary defines temperament in a very conscised way, "The manner of thinking, behaving, or reacting characteristic of a specific person". These characteristics differs with different individuals but generally they are collectively divided into two broad groups (Extroverts and Introverts) which is further divided into four groups or types.
Types of Temperaments
As stated earlier they are two broad categories of temperaments which is divided into four basic types:
Extroverts
They are the easy going types and are energized by being around other people. Thus they can easily get bored when alone its believed that in this group we have:
1.The Sanguines.The basic distinguishing feature of this type of temperament is that they are optimistic and social.Sanguines are receptive and open to others and build relationships quickly. They smile and talk easily with less stress.Sanguine are so people-oriented thus never lack friends. Their attention span is based on whether or not they are interested in the person or event. They can easily switch their focus or interest in an instant. Rather negatively the Sanguines are competitive and tend to be disorganized. They usually have difficulty controlling their emotions. They like sports of any kind because of the activity and involvement with other people. The Sanguines fears rejection and also fear others viewing them as unsuccessful.

2.The Choleric. The choleric group are naturally short-tempered or  easily irritable. They are self-confident, self-sufficient and very independent minded.They are decisive and opinionated thus find it very easy to make decisions for themselves as well as others. Cholerics hardly negotiates. They are visionaries thus seem to posses endless reservoir of ideas, plans and goals. Cholerics require very little sleep when compared with other temperaments thus can be regarded as workaholics. They are generally slow at building relationship with people because of their self-sufficient nature.

Introverts
The people here are the practical  opposites of the extroverts, they are better or energized by being alone. The introverts are very careful with speaking hence they think before they speak.They include:
3.The Melancholic. The people with this type of temperament are quiet and very analytical  lets-do-it-right persons. They are reserved and suspicious until sure of your intentions. They often believe that there is a hidden meaning behind the words you speak to them.They are timid and may appear unsure and have a serious expression. They are self-sacrificing and sensitive to what others think about their work.Melancholics needs reassurance, feedback and reasons why they should do something. They often need information, time to think and a plan before taking any action. The Melancholics are often risk avoiders because of their fear of making a wrong
decision and being viewed as incompetent. They are resistant to new things until they have had time to think it over.They are very organized, creative and capable people but are also skeptical sets of persons. Melancholics tend to get bored with something once they get it figured out.
4.The Phlegmatic. This type of temperament is Synonymous with a relaxed and peaceful personality. They are unemotional, easygoing, and never-get-upset, persons. They are often slow and indirect when responding to people.  They live a quiet, routine life, free of the normal anxieties and stresses of the other temperaments. The Phlegmatic prefers to avoid getting too involved with people and life in general. They rarely try to go out of the status quo to achieve anything, they just let it happen. They'd rather have just a few close friends that they will be very loyal to through thick and thin than to have lots of friends. The Phlegmatics are quite resistant to change of any kind without reason.Phlegmatics show little emotion and as much as possible avoid conflict and making decisions of any kind. They are practical thinkers with hidden feelings. Phlegmatics are persistent and
consistent at whatever they undertake.They are by far the easiest persons to get along with.
Having known this classification its important to figure out your particular temperament or "temperament conbinations". This will enable you to best maximise or manage your temperament(s) in practical issues like your career and relationships.
For instance its not always easy for two extroverts to blend together perfectly because they will be having a situation of "everyone talking with nobody to listening". Also two introverts especially melancholics in a relationship may in no short time get tired of their relationship as a result of boredom. This instances are not binding as people could grow to surpress their particular temperaments. Nevertheless it does not entail that they loose that particular temperaments as its part of their compositions as a human being.
In the case of work and occupation its observed that introverts do better in jobs that has less to do with associating with people like research while the extroverts are directly opposite. But just as it is with relationships its possible to have an introvert doing so well in comedy and an extrovert doing well in research its just an issue of determination, discipline and more especially the help of God.
So what's your TEMPERAMENT?

FROM A LOVERS VIEW! By Deborah Haruna

What is love?
Before I got a bit of an understanding about love, I just thought love was only a boy girl thing. I thought it only existed between a husband and his wife. Sometimes when my siblings annoyed me at home, I would get so angry and would think that I hated them most in the world. Other times when they would act so nice to me, I felt as though they were the only persons I loved on earth.
  When u examine this scenario you would just understand that this kind of love i thought I had was conditional as it was built on some conditions. Something for something kind of of love. I wasn't really being different from a normal human being. You know its normal for humans to only profess love to someone they know they can benefit from either materially or otherwise.
   As I kept growing I got to discover an unconditional love from a guy, ok no no no , a man cause he is an uncommon man. I have enjoyed his love and I am still enjoying it.Just listen to our love story.
    This man had been disturbing me for a very long time, I mean like forever. I knew him while growing up as someone my parents and siblings adored. I just felt they talked about him a lot and it even annoyed me sometimes. Funny enough, this guy followed me everywhere, I mean it became very irritating.
  Growing up as younger girl devoid of any consequences for my actions, I went about many exploits. This boy would warn me of soo many bad decision, but I felt I needed to experience things on my own( you know I needed some space to breath). Sometimes I listened to his advice, others I ignored and faced the consequences.
  This boy grew into a man and started asking me out. He said he loved me and he would do anything for me if only I gave my heart to him. Believe me, I tried warding him off both with my words and actions. But he never left me. He even told me that my body soul and spirit belonged to him. He felt bad most of the time when I defiled this body cause he was always monitoring me, it was that serious. He never stopped disturbing me even for a day. He was like a thorn in my flesh. I really tried ignoring him but he is always in my face, in my head and in my heart. I later discovered that they was no escape from him.
    Finally i discovered that I was also in love with him, yeaa. I felt it everywhere I went, in my body my heart and soul. I knew I had fallen hard
   Our relationship has been wonderful ever since I finally gave him a yes. I had told him I would give him my all, but I didn't do that. I was selfish, unfaithful, I couldn't just let it all go to one person. I knew he loved me more than I did him. Maybe that's why I take advantage of that love most of the time. We fight most of the time because of my selfish attitude, I have really tried to change, but its so hard. Anyway the good news is that he has promised to help me love him, although he keeps saying that I would have to love him deliberately and that I should put deliberate effort to show my love for him. I am at peace with myself because I know he will forever Love me. To tell you the truth falling in love with him has thought me that love isn't just in words but in actions of sacrifice built on a deliberate desire to care ,bear and tend. Hope you are loving for the right reasons.
  I think is time I introduce him to you.... His name is JESUS.. HE ALONE IS MY ONE TRUE LOVE .
          So, if you ask me what love is, I would say love is God who came in the person of Jesus Christ. Guess what? he loves you too.Happy valentines day.

The Aftermath of Public Borrowing

Most underdeveloped and developing countries of the world depend on external sources like loans from the IMF, world bank and other financial institutions for the efficient financing of their budgets. This dependence accumulate to become what is known as debt. Debt is that part of a nations finance that was acquired from external sources based on stated agreements. The degree of dependency on foreign support however differs if it were to be measured across the various developing countries. That is to say some countries are more dependent on foreign support than others. This support comes in form of either grants or loans for running their domestic expenses such as infrastructural development, job creations and even for the payment of salaries amongst other reasons. Of cause the fact that so many countries for genuine reasons may need to rely on foreign support is not the quagmire in this work. The problem is rather a question as to what eventually becomes the effect of the debt on the entire economy.
Billions of Naira have being borrowed by Nigeria for instance between the period of 1958 till date in terms of either grants or loans by either the foreign administrators or the indigenous administrators that later emerged. The debt incurred over the years though possesses a lot of advantages also have some negative aftermath. For every country that borrows , there is bound to be an increase in their foreign debt stock which without doubt may tend to reduce the credibility of such a nation for subsequent borrowing.This because of the perception that the borrowing nation may not be able to repay due to already existing debts.
The debt servicing burden is also an issue that could end up frustrating the essense for which debt was originally incured by a nation. The fact that the resources that is spent on servicing debt would have being used to finance some other important Projects in the country makes the debt servicing burden an unpleasant aftermath.
Another issue that may arise from public debt or borrowing is the fact that it may lead to surplus money in the economy thereby leading to capital flight which may discourage domestic private investment. The surplus funds in the economy encourages people to engage in more of importation than exportation.
Recommendations
I hereby wish to recommend that other methods of raising finances like effective taxation policy be adapted by the government as against the venture of borrowing.
Secondly if borrowing must be undertaken by any government, it should be based on the fact that there is obviously no other feasible alternative.
And finally if borrowing must be taken, effective measures (disciplined administration) must be ensured to manage and reduce the negative aftermaths of borrowing.
Written by
Julius Ojonugwa Akubo
Pauljulius90@gmail.com
+2348069230929

Exchange Rates by Akubo Ojonugwa Julius. Pauljulius90@gmail.com

Geographically people are located at different locations of the world hence the existence of various distinguishing mediums such as currencies, dressings, cultures and even business activities. Over the years the increasing insatiable human needs accompanied by geographical limitations has brought about the need for some form of 'inter-trade"amongst this various geographic locations. For effective trade to exist therefore, there was need for an exchange rate to ensure equality in the transactions.
What is Exchange rate?
' Exchange Rate ' is the price of a nation's currency in terms of another currency. It is the equivalence or worth of a nations currency when compared to another country's currency. This means that exchange rate has two components, the domestic currency and a foreign currency. It can be quoted either directly or indirectly.
Devaluation and Depreciation of Exchange rate
A devaluation is when a country deliberately decides to lower its exchange rate in a fixed or semi fixed exchange rate based on a particular policy while depreciation is said to occur when there is a fall in the value of a currency in a floating exchange rate.It is purely a function of supply and demand side factors and not a government oriented decision aside from if the government chose to sell plenty of their currency.
Its pertinent to note that devaluation of currency could overtime result in the depreciation of such a currency. Nigeria for example devalued her currency and has adversely resulted in the depreciation of the Naira.
Implications of Exchange rate
The existence of an exchange rate could be an advantage or a disadvantage to a country depending on the economic activities and policies existing in such a country. Its necessary to know that the exchange rate of a particular currency could either fall or appreciate depending on the demand for that particular currency. Back to the implications; Owing to the fact that most economies are opened economy that involves importation and exportation of goods and services either as raw materials or finished products, a fall (devaluation or depreciation) in a local currency should originally boost exports as well as the National income. This is because exports becomes relatively cheaper when compared to imports as such foreigners are motivated to purchase the goods from the exporting country.
Also a rise (appreciation) in the value of a local currency discourages exports and promotes imports. The reason behind this is not far fetched as the foreign goods becomes cheaper compared to local goods and services.
  This same principle applies to investments in securities in either a case of depreciation or appreciation of currency.
WHAT TO NOTE: Devaluation and deprecation only becomes benefiting to a nation if such a nation engages in gross production and exporting activities. It then means that for a nation that does not engage in production activities and apparently exportation activities, a case of devaluation and depreciation becomes very detremental.
Conclusively,exchange rate exists between countries. And it appreciate and depreciate depending on the demand for currency.

The weakness of Agriculture in resolving Economic problems of Nigeria. by Akubo Ojonugwa Julius. Pauljulius90@gmail.com

Agriculture before the discovery of crude oil in the late 1950s was the main stay of the Nigerian economy. It was not just a source of revenue to the country, it was infact a source of employment to many Nigerians who specialized in crop farming, fisheries, animal rearing but to mention a few. It was then that we developed the groundnut pyramids, rubber plantations, coco plantations and the  big cotton fields that are gradually becoming histories today. With  the discovery of the crude oil in 1956 and the startment of full exploration in 1958 agriculture became of less importance to the government. As at of 1960 the contribution of agriculture to Nigeria's GDP was 60% but the reduction of this value became consistent with the increase in oil exploration. This was because crude oil sales became a faster way of earning more money by the Nigerian government. Little did the government notice the negative impact associated with crude oil especially with respect to agriculture. This continued until 1980s when the price of oil dropped in the international market leading to a drop in the contribution of crude oil to the Nigerian GDP.
Seeing the effect of the over dependence on crude oil the economy drove the subsequent leaders of Nigeria that came after General Gowon into initiating so many agricultural boosting policies. But a question that still remains unanswered is why are we still crying out "agriculture is the way out in the year 2016" ( over 50 years since the recognition of the relevance of agriculture) when a lot of funds have being invested in agriculture continually since the regime of General Yakubu Gowon?
General murtala Muhammed didn't present any particular policy for agriculture but Gen Olusegun Obasanjo came up with "Operation Feed the Nation", Shehu Shagari with the "Green Revolution" program, General IBB with "DIFRI (Directorate for Food Road and Infrastructure)". Gen Sani Abacha and Abdulsalami Abubakar didn't also present a clear policy but after them series of other policies have being instituted in the subsequent civilian governments costing huge sums of money yet we are unable to unequivocally say we are back to our original state of strength in agriculture. Agriculture was well recognized in (NEEDS II 2008-2011), the “7-point Agenda in of Yaradua, vision 2020 and a lot of other policies that have being instituted over the years.
This brings me to a clear conviction that going back to agriculture alone will not be able to solve the current Nigerian economic problem. There is need to compliment our desire for improved and efficient agriculture with a spontaneous technological development at all levels. Nobody is doubting the fact that agricultural advocates have overtime emphasized the need for mechanisationt. Also to some subtancial extent the government has being working towards that but how mechanised are we when compared to the other countries of the world that are topping the agricultural success stories. Most efforts geared towards mechanisation in this country have simply being revolving round a few fraction of the nigerian population. crude tools are still used for agricultural activities at the grassroot which constitute the majority of farmers yet we expect to produce enough to meet the global demand of the 20th century.
My point is obvious, not until we are able to develope our technology in such a away that it can permeate the nooks and crannies of the country's population as crude tools permeated the population before the discovery of crude oil we may never be able to get our desired results from agriculture. This without doubts is simply because the output that will keep resulting from our crude and few mechanised agricultural activities will not be able to meet our local demands not to even talk of external exportation.
Considering all these information there is need for a massive technological development and advancement if Nigeria must ever meet up with  world standard agricultural relevance.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) By JIBRIN ENEOJO SUNDAY

contact:email- jibrineeojo@gmail.com or call +2348136470553 Diabetes mellitus commonly known as diabetes is a chronic lifelong condition that affects the body’s ability to use the energy food in food. There are three major types of diabetes; type 1 diabetes, type2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. All the types of diabetes mellitus have something in common. Normally your body breaks down the sugars and the carbohydrates you eat with simple sugar called glucose (dextrose blood sugar). This Glucose fuels the blood in the body and it’s absorbed by insulin which is present in the blood cells. So in the case of diabetes mellitus it’s either the body doesn’t make enough insulin or it cannot use the insulin it produces or a combination of both. Since the cells can’t take in the glucose it builds up in your blood it results in increase in your fasting blood sugar (FBS) and random blood Sugar (RBS) above normal. High levels of blood glucose can damage the tiny blood vessels in your kidneys, heart, eyes or nervous system. That’s why diabetes especially if left untreated can eventually cause heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness and nerve damage to nerves in the feet. Type 1 diabetes Type 1 diabetes also called insulin dependent diabetes or called juvenile-onset diabetes because it often begins from childhood. It is an autoimmune condition. Its caused by the body attacking its own pancreas with antibodies thus the damaged pancreas doesn’t make insulin. It’s caused by a genetic predisposition and could also be the result of faulty beta cells in the pancreas that normally produce insulin. Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves taking insulin, which needs to be injected through the skin into fatty tissue below. Type 2 Diabetes This is the most common form of diabetes accounting for 95 % of diabetes cases in adults. It was called adult-onset diabetes, but with the epidemic of obsessed and overweight kids, more teenagers are now developing type 2 diabetes. It’s also called non-insulin dependent diabetes. It’s actually milder than type 1 nevertheless it causes major health complications. Particularly in the smallest blood vessels that nourish the kidneys, nerves and eyes. It also increases risk to heart disease and stroke. With type 2 diabetes the pancrease usually produces some insulin. Lack of sensitivity to insulin witnessed here happens primarily in fat, liver and muscle cells. Thus its common with obese people. Gestational Diabetes. This is triggered by pregnancy (pregnancy to some degree leads to insulin resistance). It’s often diagnosed in middle or late pregnancy. Since the high blood sugar level sugar in the mother can be circulated to the baby through the placenta, this type of diabetes must be controlled to protect the baby’s growth and development. This type of diabetes usually resolves itself after pregnancy. However it poses a risk of type 2 diabetes to the mother in the future and it may also result in over weight of the baby before birth. Therefore a case of gestational diabetes requires a close work with the care team. Symptoms of diabetes mellitus are • Frequent and large volume of urine • Excessive thirst • Increased appetite • Loss of weight • Blurred vision Help For now there is no cure to diabetes but it can only be managed through nutrition and diet. In diet management the quantity and not just the quanlity of food must be considered. Thus try as much as possible to AVOID or REDUCE the intake of sugar, honey, energy drink, flavoured drinks, fruit drinks, alcohol, all malt drinks, condensed milk, pastries, yam flour excessive use of palm oil, vegetable oil and all other stimulants. Also avoid smoking or snuffing of tobacco. TAKE more of vegetables as it contains fibre and other vitamins which help to control the rate at which sugar runs in the blood. Also you can take skimmed milks and low fat cheese. ENSURE that you always consult the dietician on dietary, establish a routine of regular exercise, and avoid skipping meals. Also endeavour to take insulin or drugs as directed by doctors or medical practitioners.

Positive Character over-rides Charisma by JULIUS OJONUGWA AKUBO

A young man in his early twenties walked briskly into an organization for an interview with all the “confidence in the world”. Having graduated from one of the best schools in the world, one wouldn’t expect less than the Italian suit and shoes he wore coupled with the Rolex wristwatch he was putting on. Amazingly he met a lady just some few steps before the receptionist. Trying to catch up with time the lady incidentally stepped on him. Not even waiting for any form of apology he busted into nagging. The lady tried all she could to calm him down but only then did his uncontrolled anger aggravated. He ranted for some few minutes even after the lady had gone, then he finally went to the receptionist to be directed to his place of interview. Getting to the spot of interview he discovered that the lady he had just finished ranting on was the head of the panel conducting the interview. You could imagine what happened even after emerging as the most qualified paper-wise in that interview. We have become so charisma oriented that we have thrown away an important quality as character. Charisma may sure be a ladder to top but only character will sustain you there. Character simply put is the set of qualities that make somebody or something distinctive, especially somebody's qualities of mind and feeling. It starts with just an action grows in to a habit and finally turns out to become a character. Whereas Charisma is the ability to inspire enthusiasm, interest, or affection in others by means of personal charm or influence. Everybody may possess charisma but we can’t clearly say everybody has the positive character. Character in in terms of personal perspective and in terms relating with people are necessities that must be well built in the life of every individual that must be successful. • Personal perspective: this aspect covers everything that has to do with the behavior and conduct of an individual in such a way that he or she can be identified with such traits. Personal perspective of character includes eating habits, neatness, discipline, diligence and mindsets amongst others. Poor eating habits, carelessness, lack of diligence and wrong mindsets has contributed greatly to the setbacks in the life of so many in recent days. A guy once told me he was breaking up with his fiancée simply because he felt the lady was poor in cleanliness. We overlook so many “basics” that eventually turns out to become the little foxes that spoil the vine in our lives. I see no reason why a young lady should be poor in cooking and other house chores knowing so well that these are basics she should have developed while growing up. You like it or not they are so many things you must develop yourself “to do” and “not do”. Time management is part of the components of good character and it’s built over time just like every other components of character. • Relating with People; this aspect of character deals with the way an individual relates with people and not just him or herself. From the interview story I earlier narrated you would discover that the guy was deficient in the aspect of character that pertains to relating with people. You may have developed all the best of personal character in good measure but you must also build the way you relate with people well. Poor talking habits and poor socialising habits could end up terminating all the prospects of your charisma if you don’t work on them. Your ability to accommodate the excesses of people as well as speaking politely and correctly is part of the attributes of the good character that you must develop. Having explained in a sketchy form, what character is all about you must know that the benefits of positive character over charisma includes’ i. Enduring success ii. Self confidence iii. Efficiency iv. Reliability and trustworthiness v. Effectiveness vi. unplanned opportunities amongst so many others Conclusion What defines a man are the things he/she does, believe and think and these things are what make up his character. Building a positive character is obviously more dependable than just having some level of charisma. It may interest you that developing a positive character is a process that takes time but just as “Rome was not built in one day” you must be ready to pay for the sacrifice you will have to make to finally get what you want. Charisma can only make you a king but you need a good character to remain a king.